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国防科技大学校长
2023 年 6 月
本书再版之时又逢国防科技大学筹办 70 周年校庆, 学校对本书的出版给予了资助和大力支持, 在此特别表示诚挚的谢意!写作过程中, 作者参阅和引用了许多国内外专家学者的文献及观点, 在此一并鸣谢. 由于水平所限, 对某些问题的理解并不一定十分透彻, 书中难免有不妥之处, 也恳请广大读者批评指正.
付强,何峻,卜凡康,傅瑞罡
2023 年 5 月于国防科技大学
由于水平所限, 对某些问题的理解并不一定十分透彻, 书中难免有不妥甚至错误之处, 恳请广大读者批评指正.
付强,何峻
2013 年 5 月于国防科学技术大学
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| 0.90 | 0.01 | 27053 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 6762 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 1080 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 268 |
| 0.95 | 0.01 | 38412 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 9601 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 1534 |
| 0.95 | 0.10 | 381 |
| 0.99 | 0.01 | 66345 |
| 0.99 | 0.02 | 16583 |
| 0.99 | 0.05 | 2650 |
| 0.99 | 0.10 | 659 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 5679 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 5070 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.80 | 4324 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.85 | 3445 |
| 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.90 | 2433 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.70 | 906 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.75 | 809 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 691 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.85 | 549 |
| 0.90 | 0.05 | 0.90 | 385 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 225 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.75 | 199 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.80 | 171 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.85 | 135 |
| 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 94 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 8063 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 7199 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.80 | 6143 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.85 | 4892 |
| 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.90 | 3454 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.70 | 1288 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.75 | 1149 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.80 | 981 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.85 | 778 |
| 0.95 | 0.05 | 0.90 | 547 |
| Mean | ||||
| 0.55 | 0.75 | 8.36 | 6.84 | 15.20 |
| 0.55 | 0.80 | 5.07 | 4.15 | 9.22 |
| 0.55 | 0.85 | 3.27 | 2.67 | 5.94 |
| 0.55 | 0.90 | 2.14 | 1.75 | 3.89 |
| 0.55 | 0.95 | 1.35 | 1.10 | 2.45 |
| 0.60 | 0.75 | 15.79 | 10.52 | 26.31 |
| 0.60 | 0.80 | 8.39 | 5.60 | 13.99 |
| 0.60 | 0.85 | 4.97 | 3.31 | 8.28 |
| 0.60 | 0.90 | 3.07 | 2.05 | 5.12 |
| 0.60 | 0.95 | 1.84 | 1.23 | 3.07 |
| 0.65 | 0.75 | 37.07 | 19.96 | 57.03 |
| 0.65 | 0.80 | 15.53 | 8.36 | 23.89 |
| 0.65 | 0.85 | 8.05 | 4.33 | 12.38 |
| 0.65 | 0.90 | 4.56 | 2.46 | 7.02 |
| 0.65 | 0.95 | 2.57 | 1.38 | 3.95 |
| 0.70 | 0.75 | 151.88 | 65.09 | 216.97 |
| 0.70 | 0.80 | 35.68 | 15.29 | 50.97 |
| 0.70 | 0.85 | 14.55 | 6.24 | 27.79 |
| 0.70 | 0.90 | 7.21 | 3.09 | 10.30 |
| 0.70 | 0.95 | 3.71 | 1.59 | 5.30 |
| 0.75 | 0.80 | 142.58 | 47.52 | 190.10 |
| 0.75 | 0.85 | 32.58 | 10.86 | 43.44 |
| 0.75 | 0.9 | 12.68 | 4.23 | 16.91 |
| 0.75 | 0.95 | 5.68 | 1.89 | 7.57 |
| 0.75 | 0.99 | 2.45 | 0.81 | 3.26 |
| 0.80 | 0.85 | 126.13 | 31.53 | 157.66 |
| 0.80 | 0.9 | 27.45 | 6.86 | 34.31 |
| 0.80 | 0.95 | 9.61 | 2.40 | 12.01 |
| 0.80 | 0.99 | 3.63 | 0.91 | 4.54 |
| 0.85 | 0.90 | 101.54 | 17.92 | 119.46 |
| 0.85 | 0.95 | 19.74 | 3.48 | 23.22 |
| 0.85 | 0.99 | 5.92 | 1.05 | 6.97 |
| 0.90 | 0.95 | 67.33 | 7.48 | 74.81 |
| 0.90 | 0.99 | 11.74 | 1.31 | 13.05 |
| 0.50 | 0.70 | 38.47 | 25.45 | 63.92 |
| 0.50 | 0.75 | 24.82 | 14.65 | 39.47 |
| 0.50 | 0.80 | 17.16 | 8.96 | 26.12 |
| 0.50 | 0.85 | 12.33 | 5.61 | 17.94 |
| 0.50 | 0.90 | 8.98 | 3.48 | 12.46 |
| 0.55 | 0.75 | 39.41 | 20.95 | 60.36 |
| 0.55 | 0.80 | 24.93 | 11.69 | 36.62 |
| 0.55 | 0.85 | 16.79 | 6.85 | 23.64 |
| 0.55 | 0.90 | 11.64 | 4.02 | 15.66 |
| 0.55 | 0.95 | 7.90 | 2.19 | 10.09 |
| 0.60 | 0.75 | 70.61 | 33.70 | 104.31 |
| 0.60 | 0.80 | 38.98 | 16.37 | 55.35 |
| 0.60 | 0.85 | 24.01 | 8.74 | 32.75 |
| 0.60 | 0.90 | 15.55 | 4.78 | 20.33 |
| 0.60 | 0.95 | 10.02 | 2.45 | 12.47 |
| 0.65 | 0.75 | 158.30 | 67.51 | 225.81 |
| 0.65 | 0.80 | 68.52 | 25.63 | 94.15 |
| 0.65 | 0.85 | 36.79 | 11.88 | 48.67 |
| 0.65 | 0.90 | 21.78 | 5.89 | 27.67 |
| 0.65 | 0.95 | 13.05 | 2.79 | 15.84 |
| 0.70 | 0.80 | 150.94 | 49.94 | 200.88 |
| 0.70 | 0.85 | 63.53 | 18.03 | 81.56 |
| 0.70 | 0.90 | 32.64 | 7.72 | 40.36 |
| 0.70 | 0.95 | 17.76 | 3.29 | 21.05 |
| 0.70 | 0.99 | 9.4 | 1.21 | 10.61 |
| 0.75 | 0.85 | 136.81 | 33.77 | 170.58 |
| 0.75 | 0.9 | 54.84 | 11.18 | 66.02 |
| 0.75 | 0.95 | 25.73 | 4.05 | 29.78 |
| 0.75 | 0.99 | 12.38 | 1.33 | 13.71 |
| 0.80 | 0.90 | 114.23 | 19.68 | 133.91 |
| 0.80 | 0.95 | 41.47 | 5.42 | 46.89 |
| 0.80 | 0.99 | 17.27 | 1.50 | 18.77 |
| 0.85 | 0.95 | 81.75 | 8.57 | 90.32 |
| 0.85 | 0.99 | 26.61 | 1.78 | 28.39 |
| 0.90 | 0.95 | 269.42 | 21.32 | 290.74 |
| 0.90 | 0.99 | 49.72 | 2.36 | 52.08 |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 0.01 | 13527 | 18360 | 21259 |
| 0.02 | 3381 | 4589 | 5314 |
| 0.03 | 1502 | 2039 | 2361 |
| 0.04 | 845 | 1146 | 1327 |
| 0.05 | 540 | 733 | 849 |
| 0.10 | 134 | 182 | 211 |
| 选优结果 置信度 | 排序结果 置信度 | |||||||||||||
| 100 | 300 | 500 | 1000 | 3000 | 100 | 300 | 500 | 1000 | 3000 | |||||
| 0.7 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.32 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.91 | ||
| 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.41 | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.81 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.83 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.6 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.57 | 0.67 | 0.80 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.94 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.6 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.64 | 0.73 | 0.82 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.6 | 0.78 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.62 | 0.6 | 0.84 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 0.94 | |||
| 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.53 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.92 | ||
| 0.69 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.70 | 0.82 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.65 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.82 | 0.95 | |||
| .67 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.85 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.34 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.73 | 0.94 | ||
| 0.74 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.43 | 0.62 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 0.97 | ||||
| 0.72 | 0.61 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.97 | ||||
| 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.56 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | ||||
| 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.96 | |||
| 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.70 | 0.73 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.96 | |||
| 0.70 | 0.82 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.96 | |||
| 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.36 | 0.52 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.96 | ||
| 0.79 | 0.61 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.46 | 0.66 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.54 | 0.72 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.97 | |||
| 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.64 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.86 | 0.97 | |||
| 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.97 | |||
| 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.58 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 0.98 | ||
| 0.84 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 0.99 | ||||
| 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | ||||
| 0.80 | 0.67 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | ||||
| 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.79 | 0.89 | 0.98 | |||
| 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.99 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.98 | |||
| 0.80 | 0.88 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.59 | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.98 | |||
| 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 1.00 | ||
| 0.89 | 0.70 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.81 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 0.93 | 1.00 | |||
| 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.99 | |||
| 0.85 | 0.93 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.99 | |||
| 选优结果置信度 | 排序结果置信度 | |||||
| 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.7 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 1792.55 | 2902.88 | 2902.34 | 4156.28 |
| 0.64 | 1758.00 | 2894.66 | 1834.69 | 2915.30 | ||
| 0.62 | 1757.76 | 2894.66 | 1759.11 | 2894.74 | ||
| 0.60 | 1757.76 | 2894.66 | 1757.78 | 2894.65 | ||
| 0.66 | 0.64 | 500.90 | 771.00 | 1929.12 | 3091.50 | |
| 0.62 | 457.16 | 739.20 | 748.00 | 1070.91 | ||
| 0.60 | 448.95 | 737.04 | 535.45 | 795.90 | ||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 242.61 | 365.72 | 1915.87 | 3154.27 | |
| 0.60 | 217.08 | 340.30 | 557.42 | 839.85 | ||
| 0.62 | 0.60 | 145.18 | 216.76 | 1954.63 | 3219.21 | |
| 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 1613.45 | 2611.64 | 2629.02 | 3764.97 |
| 0.69 | 1581.68 | 2604.00 | 1655.21 | 2624.67 | ||
| 0.67 | 1581.44 | 2604.00 | 1582.89 | 2604.04 | ||
| 0.65 | 1581.44 | 2604.00 | 1581.44 | 2604.04 | ||
| 0.71 | 0.69 | 454.55 | 699.19 | 1777.27 | 2852.62 | |
| 0.67 | 414.76 | 669.98 | 686.43 | 982.84 | ||
| 0.65 | 407.07 | 667.89 | 489.97 | 726.02 | ||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 221.76 | 334.07 | 1788.56 | 2944.68 | |
| 0.65 | 198.55 | 310.81 | 519.16 | 784.60 | ||
| 0.67 | 0.65 | 133.61 | 199.33 | 1843.89 | 3036.62 | |
| 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 1392.65 | 2252.74 | 2289.08 | 3278.39 |
| 0.74 | 1364.43 | 2245.86 | 1433.42 | 2266.36 | ||
| 0.72 | 1364.19 | 2245.86 | 1365.80 | 2245.87 | ||
| 0.70 | 1364.19 | 2245.86 | 1364.20 | 2245.83 | ||
| 0.76 | 0.74 | 396.85 | 609.81 | 1583.07 | 2545.90 | |
| 0.72 | 362.02 | 583.90 | 608.25 | 871.04 | ||
| 0.70 | 355.04 | 581.93 | 432.59 | 638.40 | ||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 195.56 | 294.27 | 1620.30 | 2667.54 | |
| 0.70 | 175.26 | 273.73 | 468.98 | 711.59 | ||
| 0.72 | 0.70 | 118.92 | 177.17 | 1692.14 | 2786.51 | |
| 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 1130.29 | 1826.26 | 1882.63 | 2696.62 |
| 0.79 | 1106.38 | 1820.23 | 1169.55 | 1840.60 | ||
| 0.77 | 1106.16 | 1820.23 | 1107.97 | 1820.27 | ||
| 0.75 | 1106.16 | 1820.23 | 1106.17 | 1820.21 | ||
| 0.81 | 0.79 | 327.89 | 502.93 | 1346.70 | 2171.55 | |
| 0.77 | 299.04 | 481.06 | 513.51 | 735.66 | ||
| 0.75 | 292.95 | 479.23 | 363.40 | 533.21 | ||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 164.08 | 246.36 | 1411.11 | 2322.86 | |
| 0.75 | 147.26 | 229.15 | 406.99 | 621.01 | ||
| 0.77 | 0.75 | 101.16 | 150.32 | 1499.44 | 2468.84 | |
| 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 826.68 | 1332.48 | 1409.80 | 2020.11 |
| 0.84 | 807.89 | 1327.43 | 864.20 | 1348.21 | ||
| 0.82 | 807.65 | 1327.43 | 809.95 | 1327.54 | ||
| 0.80 | 807.65 | 1327.43 | 807.68 | 1327.44 | ||
| 0.86 | 0.84 | 247.90 | 378.74 | 1068.62 | 1729.83 | |
| 0.82 | 226.08 | 361.67 | 402.34 | 576.96 | ||
| 0.80 | 221.08 | 360.02 | 282.57 | 410.88 | ||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 127.47 | 190.49 | 1161.09 | 1910.72 | |
| 0.80 | 114.75 | 177.23 | 333.38 | 513.22 | ||
| 0.82 | 0.80 | 80.47 | 118.88 | 1265.86 | 2083.68 | |
| 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 483.28 | 772.65 | 871.34 | 1250.66 |
| 0.89 | 470.42 | 768.70 | 519.46 | 792.41 | ||
| 0.87 | 470.14 | 768.70 | 473.95 | 769.05 | ||
| 0.85 | 470.14 | 768.70 | 470.30 | 768.71 | ||
| 0.91 | 0.89 | 157.67 | 237.94 | 750.24 | 1221.58 | |
| 0.87 | 144.03 | 226.58 | 275.11 | 395.94 | ||
| 0.85 | 140.40 | 225.14 | 190.66 | 272.57 | ||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 86.30 | 127.11 | 870.56 | 1431.34 | |
| 0.85 | 78.26 | 118.47 | 248.82 | 389.35 | ||
| 0.87 | 0.85 | 57.24 | 83.18 | 991.57 | 1631.15 | |


| 选优结果 置信度 | 排序结果 置信度 | |||||||||||||
| 300 | 500 | 1000 | 3000 | 300 | 500 | 1000 | 3000 | |||||||
| 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.55 | 0.86 | |
| 0.62 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.66 | 0.90 | ||||
| 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 0.91 | ||||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.90 | |||
| 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.78 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.65 | 0.90 | ||
| 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.82 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.77 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.77 | 0.94 | |||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 0.73 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.51 | 0.66 | 0.89 | ||
| 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.88 | |
| 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.68 | 0.92 | ||||
| 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.92 | ||||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 0.91 | |||
| 0.65 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.28 | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.91 | ||
| 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.79 | 0.95 | ||||
| 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.27 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.79 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 0.90 | ||
| 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.51 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.62 | 0.90 | |
| 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.54 | 0.72 | 0.94 | ||||
| 0.70 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.27 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.73 | 0.94 | ||||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.93 | |||
| 0.70 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.30 | 0.53 | 0.67 | 0.83 | 0.97 | ||||
| 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.92 | ||
| 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.82 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.96 | |||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.92 | ||
| 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.19 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.67 | 0.94 | |
| 0.77 | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.75 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 0.79 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.29 | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.96 | ||||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.59 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.95 | |||
| 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.98 | 0.33 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.69 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.94 | ||
| 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.56 | 0.69 | 0.85 | 0.97 | ||||
| 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.31 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.83 | 0.97 | |||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.27 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.73 | 0.94 | ||
| 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.97 | |
| 0.82 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.80 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.33 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.84 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.30 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 0.97 | |||
| 0.80 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 0.37 | 0.64 | 0.77 | 0.91 | 0.99 | ||||
| 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.27 | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.78 | 0.97 | ||
| 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.98 | ||||
| 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.93 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.86 | 0.98 | |||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.77 | 0.96 | ||
| 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 0.99 | |
| 0.87 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.92 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.85 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.90 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.89 | 0.99 | |||
| 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.85 | 0.99 | ||
| 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 1.00 | ||||
| 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.69 | 0.79 | 0.90 | 0.99 | |||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.82 | 0.98 | ||
| 选优结果置信度 | 排序结果置信度 | |||||||
| 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.95 | |||||
| 0.70 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 1792.71 | 2902.88 | 3653.93 | 4970.61 | |
| 0.62 | 1792.55 | 2902.88 | 2914.08 | 4158.83 | ||||
| 0.60 | 1792.55 | 2902.88 | 2902.36 | 4156.26 | ||||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 1758.00 | 2894.66 | 2987.08 | 4273.43 | |||
| 0.60 | 1758.00 | 2894.66 | 1907.94 | 2940.48 | ||||
| 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.62 | 505.69 | 772.43 | 3079.46 | 4401.72 | ||
| 0.60 | 501.26 | 771.04 | 1995.59 | 3111.17 | ||||
| 0.62 | 0.60 | 457.95 | 739.27 | 2063.58 | 3243.56 | |||
| 0.64 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 249.86 | 369.66 | 3142.33 | 4499.92 | ||
| 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 1613.61 | 2611.64 | 3331.76 | 4533.05 | |
| 0.67 | 1613.45 | 2611.64 | 2641.13 | 3767.79 | ||||
| 0.65 | 1613.45 | 2611.64 | 2629.03 | 3764.99 | ||||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 1581.68 | 2604.00 | 2739.90 | 3921.69 | |||
| 0.65 | 1581.68 | 2604.00 | 1729.94 | 2652.64 | ||||
| 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 459.07 | 700.56 | 2858.15 | 4086.46 | ||
| 0.65 | 454.91 | 699.23 | 1842.82 | 2872.57 | ||||
| 0.67 | 0.65 | 415.54 | 670.04 | 1937.36 | 3056.29 | |||
| 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 228.54 | 337.81 | 2948.99 | 4223.14 | ||
| 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 1392.81 | 2252.74 | 2927.07 | 3983.62 | |
| 0.72 | 1392.65 | 2252.74 | 2301.58 | 3281.44 | ||||
| 0.70 | 1392.65 | 2252.74 | 2289.12 | 3278.39 | ||||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 1364.43 | 2245.86 | 2425.88 | 3475.37 | |||
| 0.70 | 1364.43 | 2245.86 | 1508.86 | 2297.66 | ||||
| 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.72 | 400.99 | 611.11 | 2570.13 | 3675.87 | ||
| 0.70 | 397.21 | 609.85 | 1646.59 | 2565.94 | ||||
| 0.72 | 0.70 | 362.79 | 583.97 | 1768.02 | 2801.34 | |||
| 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 201.71 | 297.72 | 2689.00 | 3850.92 | ||
| 0.85 | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 1130.45 | 1826.26 | 2440.08 | 3322.87 | |
| 0.77 | 1130.29 | 1826.26 | 1895.62 | 2700.12 | ||||
| 0.75 | 1130.29 | 1826.26 | 1882.68 | 2696.62 | ||||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 1106.38 | 1820.23 | 2045.07 | 2935.35 | |||
| 0.75 | 1106.38 | 1820.23 | 1245.22 | 1876.70 | ||||
| 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 331.56 | 504.13 | 2215.49 | 3169.92 | ||
| 0.75 | 328.25 | 502.97 | 1407.18 | 2191.53 | ||||
| 0.77 | 0.75 | 299.78 | 481.13 | 1556.03 | 2478.83 | |||
| 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 169.43 | 249.45 | 2362.40 | 3383.35 | ||
| 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 826.86 | 1332.51 | 1871.18 | 2552.18 | |
| 0.82 | 826.70 | 1332.48 | 1423.88 | 2024.54 | ||||
| 0.80 | 826.68 | 1332.48 | 1409.89 | 2020.11 | ||||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 807.89 | 1327.43 | 1597.54 | 2303.77 | |||
| 0.80 | 807.89 | 1327.43 | 940.07 | 1392.45 | ||||
| 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 250.97 | 379.83 | 1794.46 | 2568.96 | ||
| 0.80 | 248.24 | 378.79 | 1125.27 | 1749.91 | ||||
| 0.82 | 0.80 | 226.79 | 361.76 | 1302.44 | 2089.38 | |||
| 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 131.86 | 193.12 | 1969.24 | 2820.56 | ||
| 0.95 | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 483.46 | 772.65 | 1222.21 | 1676.78 | |
| 0.87 | 483.28 | 772.65 | 888.62 | 1257.83 | ||||
| 0.85 | 483.28 | 772.65 | 871.61 | 1250.69 | ||||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 470.42 | 768.70 | 1084.22 | 1589.48 | |||
| 0.85 | 470.42 | 768.70 | 596.15 | 853.68 | ||||
| 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 160.03 | 238.90 | 1307.52 | 1873.58 | ||
| 0.85 | 158.02 | 238.01 | 802.71 | 1242.49 | ||||
| 0.87 | 0.85 | 144.71 | 226.70 | 1009.65 | 1633.51 | |||
| 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 89.49 | 129.17 | 1509.65 | 2162.97 | ||
| 单次比较法 | 序贯比较法 | |||||
| 方法 1 点估计值比较法 | 方法 2 区间估计值比较法 [4] | 方法 3 区间差值法 [5] | 方法 4R&S 法 [6] | 方法 5Wald 序贯检验法 [7] | 方法 6Wald MSRB 法 [8] | |
| 基本原理 | 点估计值排序 | 以不交叠的置信区间排序 | 对识别率的差值做假设检验 | 选出识别率最大的算法 | 对 “效率” 比进行假设检验 | 多次 Wald 序贯检验 |
| 适用范围 | 多个算法排序 | 多个算法排序 | 两个算法比较 | 多个算法选优 | 两个算法比较 | 多个算法选优 |
| 优点 | 简单易行 | 得到算法识别率的置信区间 | 统计意义明显 | ① 简单易行 ② 统计意义明显 |
① 实际使用测试样本可能减少 ② 可设置两类错误容限 |
|
| 局限性 | 无法度量比较结果的不确定程度 | 置信区间存在交叠时无法有效排序 | ① 只能进行多次两两比较 ② 只能得到比较结果的显著性水平 |
① 只能选出最优的算法 ② 只能得到结论的显著性水平 |
① 只能进行多次两两比较 ② 只能预测样本容量的均值 |
① 只能选出最优的算法 ② 不能确定实际所需样本数 |
| [0.68,0.74] | [0.65,0.73] | [0.56,0.65] | [4.79,5.49] | 39 | |
| [0.69,0.74] | [0.63,0.71] | [0.55,0.64] | [1.32,2.01] | 12 | |
| [0.64,0.70] | [0.57,0.65] | [0.51,0.59] | [3.05,3.74] | 48 |